Análise das manifestações patológicas em uma residência unifamiliar: Estudo de caso do recalque da fundação

Abstract

Pathological manifestations in buildings represent a recurrent problem in construction, potentially compromising structural safety, durability, and performance, especially when associated with foundation-related failures. Among these manifestations, differential settlement stands out by inducing non-uniform displacements in the structure, leading to cracks, deformations, and functional damages to the building. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the pathological manifestations resulting from differential foundation settlement in a single-family residence located in the municipality of Crato-CE. The methodology adopted consisted of applied research with a qualitative and quantitative approach, based on the sensory building inspection procedures established by ABNT ABNT NBR 16747:2020. Data collection included the building's history, crack mapping using a crack gauge, and photographic recording of the identified anomalies. The results evidenced the presence of 45-degree inclined cracks, primarily located in stress concentration regions, such as door and window corners, in addition to uneven floors and detachment of ceramic tiles. The analysis of the observed geometric patterns indicated compatibility between the verified manifestations and the occurrence of differential movements in the supporting structure. It is concluded that an accurate diagnosis of the origin of settlements is indispensable for defining appropriate interventions, reinforcing the importance of meticulous technical analysis within the scope of Building Pathology to ensure the safety and durability of buildings.