Internet das coisas e cidades inteligentes: avanços tecnológicos e desafios emergentes

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a foundational technology for urban digital transforma- tion by enabling monitoring, automation, and data-driven decision-making in public services. This study presents a literature review on IoT applied to smart cities, aiming to analyze recent technological advances and the main challenges that affect its large-scale adoption. The findings indicate that the convergence of communication infrastructure (5G and LPWAN), distributed computing (cloud, edge, and fog), artificial intelligence, and systems integration significantly increases the potential for urban efficiency, sustainability, and responsiveness. However, the literature also highlights persistent barriers related to cybersecurity, privacy and data governance, platform interoperability, technical scalability, and long-term economic viability. The review further identifies research gaps in the Brazilian context, especially regarding empirical impact assessment and adaptation of implementation models to local institutional and socioeconomic heterogeneity. The study concludes that smart city consolidation depends less on isolated te- chnology deployment and more on sociotechnical integration among innovation, regulation, institutional capacity, and public-interest orientation.